cannot afford sth. to do
英 /ˈkænɒt əˈfɔːd/美 /ˈkænɑt əˈfɔːrd/
v. 动词短语
负担不起;承受不起;不能冒险做
用法示例
- I can't afford a new phone right now.我现在买不起新手机。
- We cannot afford to make any mistakes in this project.在这个项目中,我们承担不起任何错误。
- She can't afford the time to attend the meeting.她抽不出时间参加会议。
- The company cannot afford to lose its best employees.公司承受不起失去最优秀员工的代价。
- You can't afford to miss this opportunity.你不能错过这个机会。
- He couldn't afford to offend his boss, so he stayed silent.他不敢冒犯老板,所以保持沉默。
含义详解
该短语的基本含义是“没有足够的资源(如金钱、时间、精力)去做某事”,即“负担不起”。例如,“I cannot afford a new car.”(我买不起新车。)由此引申出“承受不起某种后果”的含义,如“We cannot afford to lose this game.”(我们输不起这场比赛。)再进一步引申为“不能冒险做某事”,强调风险或代价过高。本义侧重于物质资源,引申义侧重于非物质的风险或代价。
词源解析
“afford”源自古英语“geforðian”,意为“推进、实现”,后演变为“提供、负担得起”。前缀“a-”在古英语中表“去、向”,但现代英语中“afford”已不可再分。“cannot”是“can not”的缩写,表示“不能”。整个短语直译为“不能提供(资源)”,即“负担不起”。记忆时可将“afford”联想为“付得起”,加上“cannot”即为“付不起”。
适用语境
该短语广泛用于日常口语、商务、学术和新闻报道中。在日常口语中,语气直接,如“I can't afford to eat out every day.”(我负担不起每天在外面吃。)在商务邮件中,常指财务或时间上的不可行,如“We cannot afford any more delays.”(我们不能再有延误了。)在学术写作中,可能指逻辑或后果上的不可承受,如“The theory cannot afford to ignore empirical evidence.”(该理论不能忽视实证证据。)新闻报道中常用于政治或经济议题,如“The government cannot afford to cut funding for education.”(政府承担不起削减教育经费的后果。)
用法须知
“cannot afford”后接名词或代词,或接带to的不定式:cannot afford sth. / cannot afford to do sth.。注意“afford”通常与“can”连用,一般不单独使用现在时。常见句型有:“I can't afford it.”、“We cannot afford to wait.”。易错点:避免说“I don't afford”,因为“afford”在此用法中需要情态动词。此外,在正式写作中,常使用“cannot”而非“can't”。
相似词辨析
与“cannot bear”相比,“cannot afford”更侧重于资源或后果的不可承受,而“cannot bear”强调心理或生理上的无法忍受。例如,“I cannot afford to fail.”(我输不起。)vs. “I cannot bear the pain.”(我无法忍受疼痛。)与“lack the means”相比,“cannot afford”更口语化,后者更正式。与“be unable to”相比,“cannot afford”特指因资源不足而无法做,而“be unable to”泛指能力不足。
常见误区
该短语语域中性,适用于各种场合,但口语中常用缩写“can't afford”而书面语中多用“cannot afford”。无褒贬色彩,但可用于表达消极或警告意味。常见误用包括:将“afford”误用为“offer”(提供),如“I cannot offer this.”(我无法提供这个。)与“I cannot afford this.”(我负担不起这个。)混淆;以及将“afford”后接动名词,如“I can't afford buying it.”应改为“I can't afford to buy it.”。
常见搭配
- can't afford the cost
- can't afford to wait
- can't afford to fail
- can't afford to lose
- can't afford the risk
- can't afford the time
- can't afford to ignore