present difficulties
英 /ˈprɛznt ˌdɪfɪkəltiz/美 /ˈprɛznt ˌdɪfɪˈkʌltiz/
v. phrase 动词短语
造成困难;带来问题;呈现挑战
用法示例
- The new regulations present difficulties for small businesses.新法规给小企业带来了困难。
- Translating this text presents significant difficulties due to its archaic language.由于语言古旧,翻译这篇文章带来了重大困难。
- The project presented unexpected difficulties, but the team overcame them.项目出现了意想不到的困难,但团队克服了它们。
- This approach presents fewer difficulties than the traditional method.这种方法比传统方法带来的困难要少。
- The terrain presented difficulties for the hikers.地形给徒步者造成了困难。
- Her speech presented difficulties for the interpreter.她的演讲给口译员带来了困难。
含义详解
本义为“呈现、展示困难”,即某事物本身显露出或带来难题。引申为“造成阻碍”或“使事情变得复杂”。义项间关系:从客观描述(呈现)到主观感受(造成麻烦)。具体包括:1)客观存在困难,如“实验数据呈现困难”;2)主观应对困难,如“新政策给公司带来困难”;3)抽象挑战,如“翻译古典文学呈现诸多困难”。
词源解析
present 源自拉丁语 praesentare(展示),difficulty 源自拉丁语 difficultas(困难),由 dis-(不)+ facilis(容易)构成。整体构词逻辑为“展示出不易之处”。记忆时可联想:present(呈现)+ difficulties(困难)= 把困难摆在眼前。
适用语境
学术写作中,常用于描述研究挑战,语气客观;商务邮件中,指业务问题,语气正式;新闻报道中,指事件引发的困难,语气中立;日常口语较少用,多用“cause problems”;法律文本中,指条款带来的法律障碍,语气严谨。
用法须知
及物动词短语,宾语为困难的具体内容。常见句型:主语 + present + difficulties + for/to + 对象。主语可为事物、情况或人。易错点:difficulties 常用复数,单数时用 difficulty;不可接 that 从句,但可接 in doing。
相似词辨析
与“pose difficulties”相近,但“pose”更强调主动设置障碍;“create difficulties”强调产生困难;“cause problems”更口语化;“present challenges”更积极,强调挑战而非纯困难。选择时依据语境:正式书面用“present”,强调主动用“pose”,强调结果用“create”。
常见误区
语域偏正式,适用于书面和正式口语,日常对话中略显生硬。中性色彩,无褒贬。常见误用:与“present”的“展示”义混淆,误以为“present difficulties”是“展示困难”而非“造成困难”;或漏掉复数形式。
常见搭配
- present serious difficulties
- present technical difficulties
- present practical difficulties
- present difficulties for sb/sth
- present difficulties to sb/sth
- present considerable difficulties
- present particular difficulties
- present potential difficulties