get held up
英 /ɡɛt hɛld ʌp/美 /ɡɛt hɛld ʌp/
v. 短语动词
被耽搁;被抢劫;被举起;被展示
用法示例
- I got held up in traffic for two hours.我在路上堵了两个小时。
- The bank got held up by two masked men yesterday.昨天两名蒙面男子抢劫了这家银行。
- The project got held up because of the delay in funding.由于资金延迟,项目被耽搁了。
- She got held up at the airport due to a security check.她因安检在机场被耽误了。
- The shipment got held up at customs.货物在海关被扣留了。
- He got held up as an example of honesty.他被树立为诚实的榜样。
含义详解
“get held up”的核心含义是“被阻碍、被延迟”,源于“hold up”的本义“举起、支撑”。当某物被举起时,它无法前进,引申为“使停顿、阻碍”,进而指“(因交通、事故等)被耽搁”。另一重要义项是“被抢劫”,因为“hold up”在19世纪美国西部指持枪抢劫,迫使受害者举起双手。此外,“get held up”还可表示“被展示为榜样”,如“be held up as an example”,但此用法较少。各义项间通过“使处于某种状态”这一逻辑相连。
词源解析
“get held up”由“get”和“held up”构成。“get”在此处为系动词,表示“变得、被”,后接过去分词构成被动语态。“hold up”源自古英语“healdan”(持有)和“up”(向上),本义为“举起”。“hold up”在17世纪引申为“支撑、维持”,19世纪美国西部用于指“拦路抢劫”,20世纪后广泛用于“延迟”义。记忆时可联想“被举起”即“无法落地”,引申为“被卡住、被耽搁”。
适用语境
该短语在口语和书面语中均常见。日常对话中,常用来抱怨交通、排队等造成的延误,语气随意,如“I got held up in traffic.”。新闻报道中,用于描述抢劫事件,语气正式客观,如“The bank got held up yesterday.”。商务邮件中,表示工作进度受阻,语气委婉,如“We got held up by a supplier issue.”。文学作品或演讲中,可用来比喻抽象概念,如“The project got held up by bureaucracy.”。法律文本中较少直接使用,但“hold up”可指“有效”,如“The contract holds up in court.”,而“get held up”则不常见。
用法须知
“get held up”为被动结构,主语通常是受事者。可用于多种时态,如“is getting held up”、“has been held up”。常见句型有:1. 主语 + get held up + 时间状语(如“for an hour”);2. 主语 + get held up + 地点状语(如“in traffic”);3. 主语 + get held up + by + 施动者(如“by the storm”)。易错点:勿将“held up”误写为“holded up”;被动结构中“get”后必须接过去分词“held”,不可接现在分词“holding”。此外,若表示“被抢劫”,主语常为地点或人,如“The store got held up.”。
相似词辨析
“get held up”与“be delayed”均表“被耽搁”,但前者更口语化,且强调因外部阻碍而被迫停止,后者更正式中性。“be stuck”强调卡住无法移动,常指具体物理状态。“be robbed”直接指被抢劫,而“get held up”在抢劫义上更委婉,且隐含持械威胁。与“be postponed”不同,后者指主动推迟,而“held up”指被动受阻。例如:会议被“postponed”是主动改期,而“held up”是因故无法按时开始。选择时,若强调突发阻碍,用“held up”;若强调计划变更,用“postponed”。
常见误区
“get held up”整体属中性偏口语,在正式写作中可用“be delayed”替代。在抢劫语境中,语气较严肃,应避免在玩笑中使用。常见误用包括:将“held up”与“held on”混淆(后者意为“坚持”);将“get held up”用于主动语态,如“I held up the meeting”实际表示“我主持了会议”或“我举起了会议”,而非“我被耽搁”。另注意“hold up”作“持续有效”时,被动形式为“hold up well”,而非“get held up”。
常见搭配
- get held up in traffic
- get held up at work
- get held up by the rain
- get held up for hours
- get held up at the border
- get held up as an example
- get held up at gunpoint