get held up

英 /ɡɛt hɛld ʌp/美 /ɡɛt hɛld ʌp/

v. 短语动词

被耽搁;被抢劫;被举起;被展示

用法示例

  1. I got held up in traffic for two hours.我在路上堵了两个小时。
  2. The bank got held up by two masked men yesterday.昨天两名蒙面男子抢劫了这家银行。
  3. The project got held up because of the delay in funding.由于资金延迟,项目被耽搁了。
  4. She got held up at the airport due to a security check.她因安检在机场被耽误了。
  5. The shipment got held up at customs.货物在海关被扣留了。
  6. He got held up as an example of honesty.他被树立为诚实的榜样。

含义详解

“get held up”的核心含义是“被阻碍、被延迟”,源于“hold up”的本义“举起、支撑”。当某物被举起时,它无法前进,引申为“使停顿、阻碍”,进而指“(因交通、事故等)被耽搁”。另一重要义项是“被抢劫”,因为“hold up”在19世纪美国西部指持枪抢劫,迫使受害者举起双手。此外,“get held up”还可表示“被展示为榜样”,如“be held up as an example”,但此用法较少。各义项间通过“使处于某种状态”这一逻辑相连。

词源解析

“get held up”由“get”和“held up”构成。“get”在此处为系动词,表示“变得、被”,后接过去分词构成被动语态。“hold up”源自古英语“healdan”(持有)和“up”(向上),本义为“举起”。“hold up”在17世纪引申为“支撑、维持”,19世纪美国西部用于指“拦路抢劫”,20世纪后广泛用于“延迟”义。记忆时可联想“被举起”即“无法落地”,引申为“被卡住、被耽搁”。

适用语境

该短语在口语和书面语中均常见。日常对话中,常用来抱怨交通、排队等造成的延误,语气随意,如“I got held up in traffic.”。新闻报道中,用于描述抢劫事件,语气正式客观,如“The bank got held up yesterday.”。商务邮件中,表示工作进度受阻,语气委婉,如“We got held up by a supplier issue.”。文学作品或演讲中,可用来比喻抽象概念,如“The project got held up by bureaucracy.”。法律文本中较少直接使用,但“hold up”可指“有效”,如“The contract holds up in court.”,而“get held up”则不常见。

用法须知

“get held up”为被动结构,主语通常是受事者。可用于多种时态,如“is getting held up”、“has been held up”。常见句型有:1. 主语 + get held up + 时间状语(如“for an hour”);2. 主语 + get held up + 地点状语(如“in traffic”);3. 主语 + get held up + by + 施动者(如“by the storm”)。易错点:勿将“held up”误写为“holded up”;被动结构中“get”后必须接过去分词“held”,不可接现在分词“holding”。此外,若表示“被抢劫”,主语常为地点或人,如“The store got held up.”。

相似词辨析

“get held up”与“be delayed”均表“被耽搁”,但前者更口语化,且强调因外部阻碍而被迫停止,后者更正式中性。“be stuck”强调卡住无法移动,常指具体物理状态。“be robbed”直接指被抢劫,而“get held up”在抢劫义上更委婉,且隐含持械威胁。与“be postponed”不同,后者指主动推迟,而“held up”指被动受阻。例如:会议被“postponed”是主动改期,而“held up”是因故无法按时开始。选择时,若强调突发阻碍,用“held up”;若强调计划变更,用“postponed”。

常见误区

“get held up”整体属中性偏口语,在正式写作中可用“be delayed”替代。在抢劫语境中,语气较严肃,应避免在玩笑中使用。常见误用包括:将“held up”与“held on”混淆(后者意为“坚持”);将“get held up”用于主动语态,如“I held up the meeting”实际表示“我主持了会议”或“我举起了会议”,而非“我被耽搁”。另注意“hold up”作“持续有效”时,被动形式为“hold up well”,而非“get held up”。

常见搭配

  • get held up in traffic
  • get held up at work
  • get held up by the rain
  • get held up for hours
  • get held up at the border
  • get held up as an example
  • get held up at gunpoint