scrape through
英 /skreɪp θruː/美 /skreɪp θruː/
v. 动词(短语)
勉强通过;艰难完成;侥幸成功
用法示例
- She scraped through the final exam with a score of 61.她以61分的成绩勉强通过了期末考试。
- The government's bill scraped through parliament by just three votes.政府的法案仅以三票之差勉强在议会通过。
- Despite the financial crisis, the company managed to scrape through the year.尽管金融危机,公司还是设法艰难地度过了这一年。
- He scraped through the interview, but his performance was far from impressive.他勉强通过了面试,但表现远非出色。
- We scraped through the storm, but the boat was badly damaged.我们勉强挺过了暴风雨,但船严重受损。
含义详解
本义指“刮擦穿过”,如物体贴着表面擦过,引申为“勉强通过”。常见于考试、比赛、选举等需要达到最低标准的场合,强调成功带有侥幸或惊险成分。例如:He scraped through the exam. 表示他勉强及格,分数很低。进一步引申为“艰难完成某项任务”,如项目在资源不足的情况下勉强交付。核心在于“刚过线”或“险胜”,而非轻松达成。
词源解析
“scrape”源自古诺尔斯语“skrapa”,意为“刮、擦”;“through”源自古英语“thurh”,意为“通过”。组合后形成“scrape through”,字面即“刮着擦过去”,形象地描绘出勉强通过的状态。记忆时可联想:物体紧贴边界擦过,差一点就过不去。
适用语境
多用于非正式或中性语境,如日常口语、新闻报道、学术写作中描述考试结果或选举险胜。在口语中,语气轻松,略带庆幸或自嘲;在新闻报道中,客观描述事实;在学术写作中,可用于分析历史事件或政策,如“The bill scraped through parliament.”。商务邮件中较少使用,正式场合可换用“barely pass”或“narrowly succeed”。
用法须知
“scrape through”可作及物或不及物动词短语。作不及物时,后接名词或代词,如“scrape through an exam”;作及物时,直接接宾语,如“scrape through the window”。常见句型有“scrape through + 名词”和“scrape through + 动名词(较少)”。易错点:不要与“scrape by”混淆,后者强调勉强维持生计,而非通过考试。
相似词辨析
与“barely pass”相比,“scrape through”更口语化,且强调“擦边”的惊险感;“narrowly succeed”更正式,常用于描述选举或法案;“squeak by”与“scrape by”类似,侧重勉强度过困境或险胜,但“squeak”更形象。选择时,若强调考试及格,用“scrape through”;若强调险胜,用“narrowly succeed”;若强调生存,用“scrape by”。
常见误区
“scrape through”语域偏口语,正式写作中慎用。褒贬色彩中性,但隐含“侥幸”意味,可能带有轻微贬义。常见误用:与“scrape together”(勉强凑集)混淆;或误用于轻松成功的场合,如“He scraped through the test with a high score.”(错,高分不算“scrape”)。
常见搭配
- scrape through an exam
- scrape through a test
- scrape through parliament
- scrape through the winter
- scrape through by a narrow margin
- scrape through the crisis
- scrape through the first round