at sb.'s expense
英 /æt sʌmbədiːz ɪkˈspɛns/美 /æt sʌmbədiːz ɪkˈspɛns/
prep. phrase
由某人付钱;以损害某人为代价
用法示例
- The dinner was at the host's expense, so everyone ordered the most expensive dishes.晚餐由主人付钱,所以每个人都点了最贵的菜。
- He made a joke at his own expense to lighten the mood.他拿自己开玩笑来缓和气氛。
- The company expanded rapidly at the expense of its employees' work-life balance.公司以牺牲员工工作与生活平衡为代价迅速扩张。
- All travel costs are at the expense of the client.所有旅行费用均由客户承担。
- The children laughed at the clown's expense, but he didn't mind.孩子们拿小丑取乐,但他并不介意。
- The new policy was implemented at the expense of small businesses.新政策的实施以牺牲小企业为代价。
含义详解
该短语有两个主要义项,均源于名词 expense(花费,代价)的介词短语用法。本义为“由某人支付费用”,指费用由某方承担,如 The dinner was at his expense.(晚餐由他付钱)。引申义为“以损害某人为代价”,指通过贬低、利用或损害他人来获得利益或乐趣,如 They had a good laugh at her expense.(他们拿她取乐)。两个义项之间的联系在于“代价”的概念:前者是金钱上的代价,后者是抽象意义上的代价(如名誉、尊严或利益受损)。在具体语境中,需根据上下文判断是金钱义还是抽象义。
词源解析
expense 源自拉丁语 expendere(称量支付),由 ex-(向外)+ pendere(悬挂,称量)构成,本义为“称量钱币以支付”。进入英语后,经古法语 expense 演变而来,最初指“花费,支出”。at sb.'s expense 这一介词短语结构出现于16世纪,字面意思为“在某人的花费上”,后引申出“以某人为代价”的比喻义。记忆时可将 at 视为“在……的负担下”,expense 理解为“代价”,整体即为“在某人承担的代价下”。
适用语境
该短语在正式和非正式场合均常见。在商务和财务语境中,通常使用本义,如 The company will reimburse you at the client's expense.(公司将由客户承担费用报销给你),语气中性。在日常口语和笑话中,常使用引申义,如 He made a joke at his own expense.(他拿自己开玩笑),语气轻松。在新闻报道中,两种义项都可能出现,如 The policy was implemented at the expense of small businesses.(该政策以牺牲小企业为代价实施),语气严肃。在法律文本中,常指费用承担,如 Legal fees are at the expense of the defendant.(诉讼费由被告承担)。在文学作品中,引申义常用来刻画人物关系或社会批判。
用法须知
该短语为介词短语,在句中通常作状语或表语。常见句型为:be at sb.'s expense(作表语),如 The trip was at my expense.;或修饰动词(作状语),如 He joked at my expense.。注意 sb.'s 可以是名词所有格或物主代词,如 at the company's expense, at his expense。易错点:不要遗漏所有格符号,不要写成 at the expense of sb. 的语序(那是另一结构,意为“以牺牲某人为代价”)。该短语不可用于进行时态。
相似词辨析
与 at sb.'s expense 近义的短语有 at the cost of, at the price of, at the expense of(注意无 sb.'s 时表示“以……为代价”,后接抽象名词)。at sb.'s expense 强调费用由某人承担或损害特定某人;at the cost of 更正式,常用于抽象代价,如 He succeeded at the cost of his health.(他以健康为代价获得成功)。at the price of 类似,但更强调交换。在“由某人付钱”义上,on sb. 也可表示“由某人请客”,如 This round is on me.(这轮我请),但 at sb.'s expense 更正式。
常见误区
该短语语域中性,可用于多数场合。但在引申义中,若指损害他人,常带有贬义色彩,需注意语气。常见误用:将 at sb.'s expense 与 at the expense of 混用,前者强调具体对象,后者后接抽象名词或群体。另外,在“由某人付钱”义中,不要与 pay for 混淆,如 The meal was at his expense. 不等于 He paid for the meal.(虽然意思接近,但侧重点不同)。避免在正式写作中使用过于口语化的引申义。
常见搭配
- at one's own expense
- at the company's expense
- at the taxpayer's expense
- have a laugh at sb.'s expense
- joke at sb.'s expense
- at the expense of
- at great expense