at sb.'s expense

英 /æt sʌmbədiːz ɪkˈspɛns/美 /æt sʌmbədiːz ɪkˈspɛns/

prep. phrase

由某人付钱;以损害某人为代价

用法示例

  1. The dinner was at the host's expense, so everyone ordered the most expensive dishes.晚餐由主人付钱,所以每个人都点了最贵的菜。
  2. He made a joke at his own expense to lighten the mood.他拿自己开玩笑来缓和气氛。
  3. The company expanded rapidly at the expense of its employees' work-life balance.公司以牺牲员工工作与生活平衡为代价迅速扩张。
  4. All travel costs are at the expense of the client.所有旅行费用均由客户承担。
  5. The children laughed at the clown's expense, but he didn't mind.孩子们拿小丑取乐,但他并不介意。
  6. The new policy was implemented at the expense of small businesses.新政策的实施以牺牲小企业为代价。

含义详解

该短语有两个主要义项,均源于名词 expense(花费,代价)的介词短语用法。本义为“由某人支付费用”,指费用由某方承担,如 The dinner was at his expense.(晚餐由他付钱)。引申义为“以损害某人为代价”,指通过贬低、利用或损害他人来获得利益或乐趣,如 They had a good laugh at her expense.(他们拿她取乐)。两个义项之间的联系在于“代价”的概念:前者是金钱上的代价,后者是抽象意义上的代价(如名誉、尊严或利益受损)。在具体语境中,需根据上下文判断是金钱义还是抽象义。

词源解析

expense 源自拉丁语 expendere(称量支付),由 ex-(向外)+ pendere(悬挂,称量)构成,本义为“称量钱币以支付”。进入英语后,经古法语 expense 演变而来,最初指“花费,支出”。at sb.'s expense 这一介词短语结构出现于16世纪,字面意思为“在某人的花费上”,后引申出“以某人为代价”的比喻义。记忆时可将 at 视为“在……的负担下”,expense 理解为“代价”,整体即为“在某人承担的代价下”。

适用语境

该短语在正式和非正式场合均常见。在商务和财务语境中,通常使用本义,如 The company will reimburse you at the client's expense.(公司将由客户承担费用报销给你),语气中性。在日常口语和笑话中,常使用引申义,如 He made a joke at his own expense.(他拿自己开玩笑),语气轻松。在新闻报道中,两种义项都可能出现,如 The policy was implemented at the expense of small businesses.(该政策以牺牲小企业为代价实施),语气严肃。在法律文本中,常指费用承担,如 Legal fees are at the expense of the defendant.(诉讼费由被告承担)。在文学作品中,引申义常用来刻画人物关系或社会批判。

用法须知

该短语为介词短语,在句中通常作状语或表语。常见句型为:be at sb.'s expense(作表语),如 The trip was at my expense.;或修饰动词(作状语),如 He joked at my expense.。注意 sb.'s 可以是名词所有格或物主代词,如 at the company's expense, at his expense。易错点:不要遗漏所有格符号,不要写成 at the expense of sb. 的语序(那是另一结构,意为“以牺牲某人为代价”)。该短语不可用于进行时态。

相似词辨析

与 at sb.'s expense 近义的短语有 at the cost of, at the price of, at the expense of(注意无 sb.'s 时表示“以……为代价”,后接抽象名词)。at sb.'s expense 强调费用由某人承担或损害特定某人;at the cost of 更正式,常用于抽象代价,如 He succeeded at the cost of his health.(他以健康为代价获得成功)。at the price of 类似,但更强调交换。在“由某人付钱”义上,on sb. 也可表示“由某人请客”,如 This round is on me.(这轮我请),但 at sb.'s expense 更正式。

常见误区

该短语语域中性,可用于多数场合。但在引申义中,若指损害他人,常带有贬义色彩,需注意语气。常见误用:将 at sb.'s expense 与 at the expense of 混用,前者强调具体对象,后者后接抽象名词或群体。另外,在“由某人付钱”义中,不要与 pay for 混淆,如 The meal was at his expense. 不等于 He paid for the meal.(虽然意思接近,但侧重点不同)。避免在正式写作中使用过于口语化的引申义。

常见搭配

  • at one's own expense
  • at the company's expense
  • at the taxpayer's expense
  • have a laugh at sb.'s expense
  • joke at sb.'s expense
  • at the expense of
  • at great expense