stop sb. from doing sth.

英 /stɒp ˈsʌmwʌn frəm ˈduːɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/美 /stɑp ˈsʌmwʌn frəm ˈduɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

v. 动词短语

阻止某人做某事;防止某人做某事

用法示例

  1. The police stopped the man from entering the building.警察阻止了那名男子进入大楼。
  2. Nothing can stop us from achieving our goals.没有什么能阻止我们实现目标。
  3. The new law aims to stop companies from dumping waste into the ocean.新法律旨在阻止公司向海洋倾倒废物。
  4. Please stop the children from playing near the road.请阻止孩子们在马路边玩耍。
  5. She couldn't stop herself from laughing at the joke.她忍不住对这个笑话大笑起来。
  6. The heavy rain stopped us from going out.大雨使我们无法外出。

含义详解

该短语的核心含义是“阻止某人做某事”,即通过某种手段使某人无法或不再继续执行某个动作。其本义是物理上的阻拦,如“stop the child from running”(阻止孩子跑),引申为抽象层面的阻止,如“stop him from making a mistake”(防止他犯错)。在引申义中,动作的发出者可以是人,也可以是制度、规则、环境等,且“doing sth.”表示被阻止的动作,强调的是防止其发生或继续。

词源解析

该短语由三个词构成:stop(停止)、sb.(somebody的缩写)、from(从……)、doing(do的动名词形式)。stop源自古英语stoppian,意为“堵塞、阻止”;from表示“从……离开”;动名词doing使动作名词化,整体结构为“stop + 宾语 + from + 动名词”,表示“使宾语从某动作中停下来”。记忆时可拆解为“停止某人从做某事”,即“阻止”。

适用语境

该短语广泛用于日常口语、新闻报道、法律文本和学术写作。在日常口语中,语气直接,如“Can you stop the dog from barking?”(你能让狗别叫吗?);在新闻报道中,常用来描述政府或组织的行为,如“New laws aim to stop companies from polluting rivers.”(新法律旨在阻止公司污染河流);在法律文本中,语气正式,如“The court ordered an injunction to stop the defendant from selling the property.”(法院发布禁令,阻止被告出售该财产);在学术写作中,可用于描述研究中的控制措施,如“The experiment was designed to stop participants from being influenced by external factors.”(实验旨在防止参与者受外部因素影响)。

用法须知

该短语为及物动词短语,后接宾语(sb.),再接from doing sth.。其中sb.为宾语,doing sth.为介词from的宾语,整体作宾补。常见句型:主语 + stop + 宾语 + from + 动名词短语。注意:stop后也可直接接动名词(stop doing sth.)表示“停止做某事”,但含义不同,易混淆。例如,“He stopped smoking”意为“他戒烟了”,而“He stopped me from smoking”意为“他阻止我吸烟”。此外,被动语态为“sb. be stopped from doing sth.”,如“The thief was stopped from escaping by the police.”

相似词辨析

与“prevent sb. from doing sth.”含义几乎相同,常可互换,但prevent更正式,且强调预防性措施;stop更直接,强调即时阻止。例如,“The vaccine prevents people from getting the flu.”(疫苗预防人们得流感)比“stop”更合适。另外,“keep sb. from doing sth.”也相近,但更强调持续保持分离状态,如“Keep the child from touching the stove.”(让孩子别碰炉子)。而“prohibit sb. from doing sth.”则更正式,常用于法律或规则,如“The rules prohibit employees from using personal phones.”

常见误区

该短语为中性表达,无褒贬色彩,但语气强度取决于上下文。在正式场合(如法律、学术)中,使用“prevent”更显正式;在日常口语中,“stop”更自然。常见误用包括:将“from”遗漏,写成“stop sb. doing sth.”,这在非正式口语中偶见,但标准英语中应保留“from”;另外,注意“stop to do sth.”与“stop doing sth.”的区别,前者表示“停下来去做另一件事”,后者表示“停止正在做的事”,而本短语是“阻止他人做某事”,三者易混淆。

常见搭配

  • stop sb. from doing sth.
  • stop sth. from happening
  • stop oneself from doing sth.
  • try to stop sb. from doing sth.
  • be stopped from doing sth.
  • stop sb. from leaving
  • stop sb. from making a mistake