come up against
英 /kʌm ʌp əˈɡɛnst/美 /kʌm ʌp əˈɡɛnst/
v. 动词
遇到,遭遇(困难、反对等)
用法示例
- The project came up against a series of technical problems.该项目遇到了一系列技术问题。
- She came up against strong opposition from her colleagues.她遭到了同事们的强烈反对。
- We may come up against some legal restrictions.我们可能会遇到一些法律限制。
- He came up against his own limitations when trying to learn the language.在学习这门语言时,他遇到了自身的局限。
- The plan came up against a wall of bureaucracy.该计划遇到了官僚主义的重重阻碍。
- If you come up against any difficulties, don't hesitate to ask for help.如果你遇到任何困难,请随时求助。
含义详解
本义是“走上前来,面对”,引申为“遇到、遭遇(困难、问题、反对等)”。强调在前进过程中突然遇到阻碍,带有一种被动和意外的意味。具体义项包括:1. 遇到(困难、问题):如“come up against a problem”表示遇到问题;2. 遭遇(反对、抵制):如“come up against opposition”表示遭到反对;3. 面对(法律或规定):如“come up against the law”表示触犯法律。各义项都围绕“意外遭遇阻碍”展开,从具体到抽象。
词源解析
“come up”源自古英语“cuman”和“up”,意为“上来,走近”。“against”源自古英语“ongean”,意为“相反,面对面”。整个词组直译为“走上前来面对”,形象地描绘了遇到障碍时迎面而上的情景。记忆时可将“come up”视为“出现”,“against”视为“对立”,合起来即“出现对立”,即“遭遇阻碍”。
适用语境
该词组常用于口语和书面语,正式程度中等。在日常口语中,常用以描述个人遇到的麻烦,语气较随意,如“I came up against a few problems.”;在商务和学术写作中,用以描述项目或研究遇到的挑战,语气客观,如“The team came up against unexpected delays.”;在新闻报道中,用以描述公司或政府遭遇的阻力,语气正式,如“The proposal came up against strong opposition.”。在文学作品中,可能带有比喻色彩,如“He came up against his own fears.”。
用法须知
该词组通常作不及物动词短语,后接名词或代词作宾语,常用结构为“come up against + 名词/代词”。可用于被动语态,如“We were come up against by a wall.”(较少见)。注意“come”的时态变化:come, came, come。易错点:不要与“come up with”(想出)混淆;不要漏掉“against”,否则意思变为“走近”。
相似词辨析
“come up against”与“encounter”意义相近,但“encounter”更正式,且可指偶然遇见人或事;“come up against”专指遇到困难或反对。与“face”相比,“face”强调主动面对,而“come up against”强调被动遭遇。与“run into”相比,“run into”更口语化,且可指遇见人,也可指遇到麻烦;“come up against”则更侧重阻碍。例如:正式报告中用“encounter”,日常对话中用“run into”,而“come up against”介于两者之间,强调障碍。
常见误区
该词组语域中性,适用于多种场合,但避免在非常正式的学术论文中使用,可用“encounter”替代。无褒贬色彩,但常暗示负面情况。常见误用:1. 与“come up with”混淆;2. 漏掉“against”或误用“come up to”;3. 在被动语态中误用,如“was come up against”应改为“came up against”。
常见搭配
- come up against a problem
- come up against opposition
- come up against resistance
- come up against difficulties
- come up against a wall
- come up against the law
- come up against a deadline