come up against

英 /kʌm ʌp əˈɡɛnst/美 /kʌm ʌp əˈɡɛnst/

v. 动词

遇到,遭遇(困难、反对等)

用法示例

  1. The project came up against a series of technical problems.该项目遇到了一系列技术问题。
  2. She came up against strong opposition from her colleagues.她遭到了同事们的强烈反对。
  3. We may come up against some legal restrictions.我们可能会遇到一些法律限制。
  4. He came up against his own limitations when trying to learn the language.在学习这门语言时,他遇到了自身的局限。
  5. The plan came up against a wall of bureaucracy.该计划遇到了官僚主义的重重阻碍。
  6. If you come up against any difficulties, don't hesitate to ask for help.如果你遇到任何困难,请随时求助。

含义详解

本义是“走上前来,面对”,引申为“遇到、遭遇(困难、问题、反对等)”。强调在前进过程中突然遇到阻碍,带有一种被动和意外的意味。具体义项包括:1. 遇到(困难、问题):如“come up against a problem”表示遇到问题;2. 遭遇(反对、抵制):如“come up against opposition”表示遭到反对;3. 面对(法律或规定):如“come up against the law”表示触犯法律。各义项都围绕“意外遭遇阻碍”展开,从具体到抽象。

词源解析

“come up”源自古英语“cuman”和“up”,意为“上来,走近”。“against”源自古英语“ongean”,意为“相反,面对面”。整个词组直译为“走上前来面对”,形象地描绘了遇到障碍时迎面而上的情景。记忆时可将“come up”视为“出现”,“against”视为“对立”,合起来即“出现对立”,即“遭遇阻碍”。

适用语境

该词组常用于口语和书面语,正式程度中等。在日常口语中,常用以描述个人遇到的麻烦,语气较随意,如“I came up against a few problems.”;在商务和学术写作中,用以描述项目或研究遇到的挑战,语气客观,如“The team came up against unexpected delays.”;在新闻报道中,用以描述公司或政府遭遇的阻力,语气正式,如“The proposal came up against strong opposition.”。在文学作品中,可能带有比喻色彩,如“He came up against his own fears.”。

用法须知

该词组通常作不及物动词短语,后接名词或代词作宾语,常用结构为“come up against + 名词/代词”。可用于被动语态,如“We were come up against by a wall.”(较少见)。注意“come”的时态变化:come, came, come。易错点:不要与“come up with”(想出)混淆;不要漏掉“against”,否则意思变为“走近”。

相似词辨析

“come up against”与“encounter”意义相近,但“encounter”更正式,且可指偶然遇见人或事;“come up against”专指遇到困难或反对。与“face”相比,“face”强调主动面对,而“come up against”强调被动遭遇。与“run into”相比,“run into”更口语化,且可指遇见人,也可指遇到麻烦;“come up against”则更侧重阻碍。例如:正式报告中用“encounter”,日常对话中用“run into”,而“come up against”介于两者之间,强调障碍。

常见误区

该词组语域中性,适用于多种场合,但避免在非常正式的学术论文中使用,可用“encounter”替代。无褒贬色彩,但常暗示负面情况。常见误用:1. 与“come up with”混淆;2. 漏掉“against”或误用“come up to”;3. 在被动语态中误用,如“was come up against”应改为“came up against”。

常见搭配

  • come up against a problem
  • come up against opposition
  • come up against resistance
  • come up against difficulties
  • come up against a wall
  • come up against the law
  • come up against a deadline