not only but also

英 /nɒt ˈəʊnli bʌt ˈɔːlsəʊ/美 /nɑːt ˈoʊnli bʌt ˈoʊlsoʊ/

conj. 连词

不仅……而且……;不但……还……

用法示例

  1. She is not only a talented musician but also a gifted painter.她不仅是一位才华横溢的音乐家,还是一位有天赋的画家。
  2. Not only did the company lose money, but it also faced a lawsuit.公司不仅亏损,还面临诉讼。
  3. The new policy not only affects large corporations but also small businesses.新政策不仅影响大公司,也影响小企业。
  4. He not only speaks English fluently but also writes it well.他不仅英语说得好,写得好。
  5. The movie was not only boring but also offensive to many viewers.这部电影不仅无聊,还冒犯了许多观众。
  6. Not only the students but also the teacher was impressed by the presentation.不仅学生,连老师也对演示印象深刻。

含义详解

该结构由“not only”和“but also”两部分组成,核心含义是“不仅……而且……”,用于连接两个并列的成分(名词、动词、形容词、介词短语等),表示前者和后者都成立,且后者通常具有递进或补充的意味。本义是纯然的并列递进,如“He is not only a teacher but also a writer.”(他不仅是老师,还是作家),强调“老师”和“作家”两个身份同时存在。引申义中,常用来突出后者的重要性或意外性,例如“She not only sings beautifully but also writes her own songs.”(她不仅唱得好,还自己写歌),后者的“写歌”比“唱歌”更显才华。在修辞上,有时也用于加强语气,表示“不但如此,甚至……”,如“The movie was not only boring but also offensive.”(这部电影不仅无聊,而且令人反感),后者程度加深。整体而言,该结构强调信息叠加,且重心落在“but also”之后的部分。

词源解析

该结构由三个常见英语词组成:“not”意为“不”,源自古英语“naht”(无物);“only”意为“仅仅”,源自古英语“anlic”(单一的);“but”意为“但是”,源自古英语“be-utan”(在外部);“also”意为“也”,源自古英语“eallswa”(完全如此)。整个结构在古英语中已出现,但固定搭配并广泛使用是在中古英语时期。构词逻辑简单:字面直译即“不仅仅是……而且也是……”,通过否定“only”来排除单一性,再用“but also”补充另一项。记忆时可将“not only”视为“not just”,将“but also”视为“and in addition”,整体理解为“不只是A,还有B”,从而加深印象。

适用语境

该结构在正式和非正式场合均高频出现。在学术写作中,用于严谨地列举论据或条件,语气客观,如“The results not only confirm the hypothesis but also suggest new avenues for research.”(结果不仅证实了假设,还提出了新的研究方向)。在商务邮件中,用于强调产品或服务的多重优势,语气专业且略带说服力,如“Our solution not only reduces costs but also improves efficiency.”(我们的方案不仅降低成本,还提高效率)。在日常口语中,使用频率较低,但出现时语气自然,如“She's not only smart but also funny.”(她不仅聪明,还有趣)。在新闻报道中,用于概括事实或强调重点,语气中性,如“The policy not only affects the economy but also impacts social welfare.”(该政策不仅影响经济,还影响社会福利)。在法律文本中,用于并列法律要件或后果,语气严谨,如“The contract not only specifies obligations but also defines remedies.”(合同不仅规定义务,还明确救济措施)。在文学作品中,用于修辞性强调,增添文采,如“He was not only a soldier but also a poet.”(他不仅是士兵,还是诗人)。各场景下语气差异不大,但正式场合更注重结构的完整性和对仗。

用法须知

该结构为并列连词,连接两个语法对等的成分。常见句型包括:1. 连接主语:Not only the students but also the teacher was surprised.(不仅学生,老师也惊讶)——注意主谓一致遵循“就近原则”,谓语动词与最靠近的主语一致(此处与“the teacher”一致)。2. 连接谓语:She not only sings but also dances.(她不仅唱歌,还跳舞)——若谓语是动词短语,通常将“not only”置于助动词后,如“She has not only sung but also danced.”。3. 连接宾语/表语/状语:He likes not only apples but also oranges.(他不仅喜欢苹果,还喜欢橙子)。4. 倒装结构:当“not only”置于句首时,其所在分句需部分倒装,如“Not only did he finish the work, but he also did it perfectly.”(他不仅完成了工作,还做得完美)。易错点:一是“but also”中的“also”可省略,但“but”不可省;二是“not only...but also”不能与“as well as”混用;三是连接主语时误用复数谓语,如误将“Not only he but also I are”写作“are”,实应为“am”(就近原则)。

相似词辨析

该结构与“both...and”都表示“两者都”,但“both...and”强调对等并列,无递进意味,如“Both he and I are students.”(他和我都是学生);而“not only...but also”强调后者更甚,如“He is not only a student but also a top student.”(他不仅是学生,还是优等生)。与“as well as”相比,“as well as”虽也连接并列成分,但重心在前者,如“He plays the piano as well as the violin.”(他弹钢琴,也拉小提琴)——重心在“钢琴”;而“not only...but also”重心在后。与“besides”相比,“besides”是副词或介词,不用于连接并列结构,如“He speaks French besides English.”(除了英语,他还说法语)。在正式写作中,“not only...but also”比“both...and”更显层次,比“as well as”更强调递进。选择时,若需突出后者重要性或意外性,用“not only...but also”;若平列事实,用“both...and”或“as well as”。

常见误区

该结构属于中性语域,正式与非正式场合均可使用,但口语中略显书面化,日常对话中常简化为“not only...but”或“not just...but”。褒贬色彩取决于连接的内容,本身无倾向。常见误用包括:1. 成分不对称,如“He is not only a teacher but also writes novels.”(错误,连接名词和动词)应改为“He not only teaches but also writes novels.”。2. 误将“not only”与“but also”分开使用,如“Not only he came, but also she left.”(逻辑混乱)。3. 在“not only”位于句首时忘记倒装,如“Not only he finished it, but he also did well.”(错误,应倒装为“Not only did he finish...”)。4. 与“but...as well”混用,后者更口语化,如“He is not only smart, but kind as well.”。5. 过度使用导致冗长,可适当用“both...and”替换。

常见搭配

  • not only...but also...
  • not only...but...
  • not just...but...
  • not only because...but also because...
  • not only for...but also for...
  • not only in...but also in...
  • not only with...but also with...