work against

英 /wɜːk əˈɡɛnst/美 /wɜrk əˈɡɛnst/

v. 动词

对…不利;妨碍;违背

用法示例

  1. The lack of evidence worked against the prosecution's case.证据不足对检方的案件不利。
  2. His arrogance often works against him in job interviews.他的傲慢在求职面试中常常对他不利。
  3. Time is working against us; we need to hurry.时间对我们不利,我们必须抓紧。
  4. The new policy works against small businesses.新政策对小企业不利。
  5. Her shyness works against her in social situations.她的害羞在社交场合对她不利。
  6. The judge's bias worked against the defendant.法官的偏见对被告不利。

含义详解

work against 的本义是“对着…工作”,即某人或某物在相反方向上起作用,从而产生不利影响。引申义主要有两个:一是“对…不利”,指某因素(如时间、环境、条件)导致失败或困难;二是“妨碍,阻碍”,指主动或被动地阻挠某事的进展。其引申逻辑在于,当某事物“与…对抗”时,自然会造成阻碍或伤害。例如,时间紧迫是“work against you”,意味着时间在与你作对,使任务更难完成。

词源解析

work 源自古英语 weorc,意为“做、行动”;against 源自古英语 ongean,意为“相反、相对”。两者组合成短语动词,字面意思是“在相反方向工作”,即“与…对抗”。记忆时可联想“对着干”的意象:当你和某人对着干时,你就是在 work against 他。

适用语境

此短语常用于正式和非正式场合。在学术写作和新闻报道中,常用来分析不利因素,如“The evidence works against the theory.”(证据对该理论不利)。在商务邮件中,用于讨论风险,如“The tight deadline works against us.”(紧迫的期限对我们不利)。日常口语中,也用来表达个人困境,如“My lack of experience works against me.”(缺乏经验对我很不利)。法律文本中可能出现“work against the defendant”(对被告不利)。语气中性,不带强烈感情色彩。

用法须知

work against 是及物短语动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。常见句型:主语(人或事物)+ work against + 宾语。例如:“The weather worked against our plans.”(天气对我们的计划不利。)注意:work against 不用于被动语态,如不能说“We were worked against by the weather.”。另外,它通常不用于进行时,除非强调动态过程,但较少见。

相似词辨析

与 work against 相近的词有 hinder, impede, obstruct。hinder 强调造成延迟或困难,如“Heavy rain hindered the rescue.”;impede 更正式,指明显阻碍进程,如“The lack of funding impeded the project.”;obstruct 指故意设置障碍,如“The fallen tree obstructed the road.”。而 work against 更强调某种因素在反向起作用,不一定有意识,但结果是对目标不利。选择时,若强调因素本身的不利性,用 work against;若强调阻碍动作,则用 hinder/impede/obstruct。

常见误区

work against 属于中性偏正式短语,可用于大多数语境。注意不要与 work with(与…合作)混淆。常见误用包括:误用为“work against sth”表示“努力反对”时,应使用“work against”的主动语义,但更常用“fight against”或“campaign against”。另外,不要将 against 误拼为 again。

常见搭配

  • work against someone
  • work against something
  • work against the clock
  • work against the odds
  • work against a deadline
  • work against the grain